Objective To explore the risk factors for recurrence within one year after discharge in patients with hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (HLAP), and construct a predictive model for it, and analyze the role of lifestyle management in disease recurrence.

Methods A total of 146 patients with HLAP were selected as the research subjects, and divided into the recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether there was recurrence one year after discharge. The influencing factors of HLAP recurrence were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the goodness of fit and predictive effects of the predictive model were verified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results Among the 146 patients, 30 cases had disease recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 20.54%. The results of univariate analysis showed that the age, economic income, body mass index, dietary habits, health-promoting lifestyle score, and self-management ability score were associated with recurrence (P ＜ 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the overeating (compared with the light diet group), high body mass index, low score of health-promoting lifestyle and low score of self-management ability in the 45–90 age group (compared with the 18-44 age group) were the risk factors for HLAP recurrence (P ＜ 0.05). The predictive model fitted well (P ＜ 0.05), the area under the ROC curve was 0.942 (P ＜ 0.01, 95%CI: 0.915–0.969), the sensitivity was 85.2%, and the specificity was 93.1%.

Conclusions Patients with HLAP have a relatively high risk of recurrence after discharge. The factors influencing recurrence, apart from age, mainly include two aspects: dietary habits and self-management ability. It is recommended that clinical workers pay particular attention to the high-risk groups such as the elderly, those with binge eating behavior and low self-management ability, implement targeted intervention strategies, and optimize the long-term prognosis management effects.