Abstract: Objective:To investigate the level changes of cytokines during the radioactive iodine(131I) treatment of Graves disease and its clinical significance.Methods:The serum levels of cytokines including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),solubility interleukin-2R(sIL-2R),IL-5,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the patients with Graves disease(n=61),the cured patients treated with 131I(n=65) and health control group(n=68) were measured by ELISA.The relationships between cytokines and thyroid hormone were analyzed.Results:The levels of IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-5,IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with Graves disease and the cured patients were significantly higher than those in heath control group(PPP131I and health control group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The levels of serum IL-1β and free thyroxine,sIL-2R and serum thyrotropin receptor antibody(TRAb),and TNF-α and TRAb were positive correlations(PConclusions:The serum cytokines levels are closely related to the function of thyroid,which can be used as an evaluation index of radioactive iodine treatment effects for patients with hyperthyroidism.