Abstract: Objective:To evaluate the effect of rhGM-CSF on scalding wound healing and neovascularization.Methods:DeepⅡ degree burn wound was made in 72 SD rats on the back with diameter of 3 cm.Rats were randomly divided into experiment group(n = 36,local wound was treated with rhGM-CSF gel) and control group(n = 36,local wound were treated with gel matrix without rhGMCSF).The process of wound healing was observed,and the percentages of wound closure were calculated on the day,the 1st,2nd,3rd,7th,10th,14th,and 21st day after scald.The expression of CD31,the surface maker of neovascular endothelial cells was detetcted within the wound sites by immunohistochemical staining,and the microvessel density was calculated.Results:The percentages of wound closure in experiment groupwere significantly higher than that in control groupfrom the 7th day to the 21st day.Immunohistochemical detection revealed that the expression of CD31 and the microvessel density in experiment groupwere significantly higher than those in control groupfrom 7th day to 21st day(P＜0.01).Conclusions:The treatment of rhGM-CSF may promote scalding wound healing in rats.The mechanism may be associated with upregulation of CD31 expression and acceleration of neovascularization.