Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment course of 19 patients with chlorfenapyr poisoning, providing a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods Clinical data of patients with chlorfenapyr poisoning admitted to the Department of Emergency Internal Medicine and Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from April 2020 to October 2025 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The collected data included gender, age, poisoning circumstances, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment course, length of hospital stay, outcomes, and follow-up after discharge. Patients were divided into a survival group and a death group based on prognosis, and univariate analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for poor prognosis.

Results A total of 19 patients with chlorfenapyr poisoning were included, comprising 12 males (63.16%) and 7 females (36.84%), aged 2 to 84 years. The overall mortality rate was 63.16% (12/19). Compared with the survival group, the death group showed significantly higher incidences of neurological disorders, profuse sweating, dyspnea, and myocardial injury (P ＜ 0.05).

Conclusions Chlorfenapyr exhibits high toxicity and a high mortality rate, with no specific antidote or antagonist currently available. Early interventions such as gastric lavage, catharsis, and blood purification therapy should be administered. Additionally, public awareness and regulatory supervision of chlorfenapyr should be strengthened.