Abstract: Objective: To study the efficacy of early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin and interferon(IFN) 2α for prevention of postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.Methods: Fifty-eight patients with superficial bladder carcinoma treated by TURBt were divided into two groups.Group A(29 cases) were treated by early postoperative bladder instillation of pirarubicin and IFN 2α and group B(29 cases) by routine postoperative bladder instillation of pirarubicin.Results: All the cases were followed up for 24-36 months,and the recurrence rates were 3.45% in group A and 20.69% in group B.The recurrence rate of group A was lower than that of group B.The difference was significant between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusions: Early postoperative bladder instillation of Pirarubicin and IFN 2α after TURBt is an effective method in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.