Abstract: Objective:To investigate the biocompatibility and wear-resistance of artificial prosthesis by carbon coating artificial hip prosthesis implantating into rabbit and provide experimental basis for clinical application. Methods:Twenty-two New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental group(19 rabbits) and control group(3 rabbits). The hip jionts of 19 New Zealand rabbits were replaced with carbon coating artificial hip prosthesis and bred in separate cages after wound healing. Experimental group was divied into subgroup A(n =5),subgroup B(n = 7),and subgroup C(n= 7). Subgroup A which was taken left incision to operate on and sacrificed at 8 weeks postoperation; Subgroup B which was taken right incision to operate on and sacrificed at 8 weeks postoperation; Subgroup C which was taken random incision to operate on and sacrificed at 12 weeks postoperation. The biocompatibility and wear-resistance of artificial prosthesis were observed by macroscopic observation, X-ray radiography and HE staining. The control group was operated at the same location and sutured in situ. Results:The carbon coating artificial hip prosthesis had no toxic side effects, obvious inflammatory and foreign body reaction and serious dissolved bone effect. Some new cartilage tissue was found around the carbonaceous prosthesis and there was not abrasion and free carbon particle around the artificial joint surface. The scores of biocompatibility, no-dissolved bone and wear-resistance of subgroup A and B of experiment group were higher than that of C subgroup(P0.05-P0.01). Conclusions:The biocompatibility and wear-resistance of carbon coating artificial hip prosthesis is good,which is promising prosthetic material.