Abstract: Objective: To investigate the status of quality of life,relationships between self-care,self-efficacy and quality of life and mediating effects of self-efficacy on the self-care and quality of life in postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma.Methods: Eighty-two patients with laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed by pathology were treated with operation combined with improvement nursing of self-efficacy and self-care ability on the basis of routine nursing care.The patients were surveyed by General Self-Efficacy Scale,exercise of Self-care Agency and Chinese quality of life instrument for cancer patients-head and neck cancer after 3 months of operation.Results: The differences of the quality of life scores in different genders,ages,surgical approaches,clinical stages,tube,radiotherapy and chemotherapy patients were statistically significant(P< 0.05 to P< 0.01).The total self-care ability and dimension were positive correlation with the quality of life(P< 0.01),the self-efficacy was positive correlation with quality of life(P< 0.01).Self-efficacy played partial mediating effects on the quality of life in the self-care,which was 66.73%,and reached 78.79% in the total effects.Conclusions: Cultivating the self-care ability and improving the self-efficacy can improve the quality of life of the postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma.