Abstract: Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of children asthma caused by infection of Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) and treatment effect of such diseases.Methods:The clinical data of 74 cases diagnosed as asthma were analyzed retrospectively from 2009 to 2011.Thirty-six cases were diagnosed as asthma caused by infection of MP(infection of MP group) and 38 cases of asthma caused by non-infection of MP(non-infection of MP group).The patients'fever,cough,wheezing characteristics,lungs' function,organs involved extra pulmonary organs,therapies and the treatment responses to bronchodilators were observed.Results:The two groups showed statistical differences in the measures of fever,wheezing characteristics,lungs'function and the treatment responses to bronchodilators(P0.05-P0.01).The incidence of lung involvement was not statistically significant(P0.05).Macrolide antibiotics must be used in the children asthma caused by infection of MP.Conclusions:Compared with non-infection of MP group,infection of MP group has more fever,severe cough with late wheezing for a long time and insensitivity to bronchodilators.The use of macrolide antibiotics along with bronchodilators and inhaled corti-costeroids is effective in the treatment.