Abstract: Objective:To explore the association of interaction anxiousness and interpersonal attribution style with explicit self-esteem,discuss the mediating effect of explicit self-esteem on the interpersonal attribution style and the interaction anxiousness in middle school students.Methods:Based on stratified,random cluster sampling method,2 626 students from four middle schools in Bengbu were studied.The students were surveyed by Interpersonal Attribution Scale,Interaction Anxiousness Scale and Self-Esteem Scale.Results:The score of the interpersonal attribution style in male students was significantly higher than that in the female(P0.01);the score of explicit self-esteem in junior high school students was significantly higher than that in senior high school ones(P0.01).The total interpersonal attribution style and each dimension had positive correlation with the interaction anxiousness(P0.01);the explicit self-esteem had negative correlation with the interaction anxiousness(P 0.01).Explicit self-esteem had partial mediating effect on the interaction anxiousness in the interpersonal attribution style,and the mediating effect accounted for 34.62%.The proportion of the mediating effect reached 52.61% in the total effects.Conclusions:Guiding the students to positive interpersonal attribution style and appropriate degree of self-esteem can relieve and decrease the anxiety level in middle school students.