Abstract: Objective:To investigate the effect of intranasal delivery of exogenous transforming growth factor-1(TGF-1) on the permeability of blood brain barrier(BBB) after status epilepticus(SE) in Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods:SE model was induced by pilocarpine.Two hundred fifty-two SD rats were divided into normal control group,model group and TGF group randomly,each of which was reassigned into seven sub-groups:3 h,6 h,24 h,2 d,3 d,4 d and 7 d groups after SE.The change or BBB permeability was determined by detecting Evans blue(EB) content in rat brains with chemic-quantitative analysis;The protein expression of zonula occluden-1(ZO-1) in hippocampus was analyzed by immunochemistry.Results:The EB contents in model group and TGF group were significantly increased,compared with control group,in which the peak of EB was emerged at 24 h after SE,and then decreased gradually,closed to normal at 7 d;Compared with model group,EB contents in TGF group were decreased at 6 h to 2 d(P0.05 to P0.01) with significant difference.In model and TGF groups,the protein expression of ZO-1 was firstly declined,and then gradually increased;the lowest expressions were emerged at 24 h after SE;and there was significant differences of ZO-1 expression at 6 h,24 h was 2 d points between the two groups(P0.05 to P0.01).The expression of ZO-1 protein in TGF group was lower than controlgroup.Conclusions:Intranasal delivery of exogenous TGF-1 decreases BBB permeability after SE.