Abstract: Objective:To explore the feasibility of ethanol and 5-Fu release formulation injection under ultrasound-guidance in treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Fifty-three patients with primary liver cancer were studied retrospectively.The liver function,AFP,the tumor size and the survival time of the patients were observed.All the patients were treated by injecting ethanol and 5-Fu release formulation under the guidance of the ultrasound,and the effects were analyzed.Results:The liver function of the patients was improved and the value of AFP was reduced significantly after 1-3 months treatment compared with that before surgery(P0.01).The tumor disappeared in 5 cases;tumor shrinkage and unclear contour were observed in 45 cases.The survival time was more than 6 months in 48 cases,more than 1 year in 34 cases,more than 2 years in 19 cases and more than 3 years in 8 cases.Conclusions:The therapeutic effect of injecting ethanol and 5-Fu release formulation under ultrasound-guidance is safe and effective for treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.