Abstract: Objective:To observe the effect of urapidil in treatment of acute left ventricular failure(ALVF).Methods:One hundred patients with ALVF were randomly divided into treatment group(57 cases) and control group(43 cases).The treatment group received intravenous drip of urapidil and the control group intravenous drip of nitroglycerin both in addition to the routine therapy.The cardiac function,heart rate,blood pressure,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVESD) and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) of both groups were observed 72 hours after treatment.Results:The treatment group displayed better therapeutic effects than the control group(P0.05).The treatment group were superior to the control group in the recovery of heart rate and blood pressure(P0.05-P0.01).The LVESD and BNP of both groups decreased obviously and the LVEF increased significantly(P0.05-P0.01) after the therapy,but the changes were more significant in the treatment group(P0.01).Conclusions:Urapidil is superior to nitroglycerin in treatment of ALVF with definite effect.