Abstract: Objective:To analyse the efficacy of the open surgery on complexity renal calculi.Methods:The clinical open surgery data of 46 cases with complexity renal calculi were analysed.Twenty-one cases were operated by pelvis incision of renal sinus,renal pelvis combined with renal incision in 9 cases,and renal incision in 16 cases.Results:Average operation time was 135 minutes and renal functions were improved in varying degrees post-operation.The calculi were completely removed in 42 cases,4 cases with residual stones were removed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,and postoperative bleeding in 2 cases,urinary tract infection in 5 cases and urine leakage in 2 case.All cases were followed up for 3 to 36 months.Two cases with partial renal blood insufficiency and atrophy and 1 case with renovascular hypertension were detected by color Doppler ultrasound scanning.Conclusions:Open surgery is a safe and effective surgical method for treatment complexity renal calculi,and reasonable operation mode is a key for improving the effects of complexity renal calculi.