Abstract: Objective: To analyze time and space distribution characteristics in Anhui province between 2006 and 2010.Methods:The malaria occurrence data from 2006 to 2010 in China were collected and analyzed,and the national geographic distribution map of malaria incidence was established.The annual and seasonal incidences of malaria prevalence in Anhui province were analyzed.Results:There were 83 553 cases of malaria reported from 2006 to 2010 in Anhui province,ranked first in our country.And the average annual incidence rate was about 27.32 per 100 000.The seasonal incidence of malaria was increased from May,and reached the peak between June and October,then decreased gradually.From 2006 to 2010,malaria incidence was ranked top 10,in addition to 2010 for NO.16.In the legal report infectious diseases(Class A and Class B),it was ranked No.1 in the natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases.Conclusions:The incidence of malaria was decreased year by year in Anhui province during the period between 2006 and 2010,but still ranked No.1 or No.2 in China.Malaria was unstable and had the highest incidence of insect-borne infectious diseases in Anhui province,which still need to pay more attention to prevention and control.