小剂量布比卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年患者髋关节手术中的应用
Using low-dose of bupivacaine in combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia in hip surgery for the elderly
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摘要: 目的:评价小剂量布比卡因腰硬联合麻醉用于老年患者髋关节手术中的安全性和有效性。方法:将60例ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级行髋关节手术的老年患者随均机分为观察组(0. 75%布比卡因1 ml)和常规组(0. 75%布比卡因2 ml),各30例,2组均采用腰硬联合麻醉。根据血压和出血情况来调整输液和输血。观察2组感觉阻滞起效时间、阻滞完善时间、阻滞最高平面、硬膜外腔注药次数,以及麻醉前和蛛网膜下腔注药后5、15、30 min时的收缩压、舒张压、心率。结果:2组的麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间、硬膜外腔注药次数差异均无统计学意义(0. 05);观察组在蛛网膜下腔注药后5、15、30 min对收缩压、舒张压的影响均小于常规组(P0. 05~P0. 01),观察组在5 min对心率的影响小于常规组(P0. 01)。结论:小剂量布比卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年患者髋关节手术中血流动力学状态稳定,麻醉效果良好。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using low-dose of bupivacaine in combined spinal and epiduralanaesthesia( CSEA) in hip surgeries for the elderly. Methods: Sixty elderly patients( ASA physical status Ⅱ to Ⅲ) scheduled for the hip surgery were randomly divided into observation group ( 30 cases,receiving 1 ml of 0. 75% bupivacaine) and control group( 30 cases, receiving 2 ml of 0. 75% bupivacaine) ; CSEA was performed in both groups. The intravenous transfusion and infusion were determined according to the blood pressure and bleeding volume of the patients. The onset time of the sensory block, time to complete block, the highest sensory block level and the number of epidural bupivacaine injections were recorded. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate before the anesthesia and 5, 15 and 30 minutes after CSEA were observed. Results: There were no significant differences in the onset time of the sensory block, time to complete block and number of epidural bupivacaine injections between the two groups( P > 0. 05) . The changes of the blood pressure of the observation group at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after CSEA were not obvious as compared to those of the control group( P < 0. 05 to P < 0. 01) . The heart rate of the observation group was less affected by anaesthesia at 5 minutes after CSEA than that of the control group( P < 0. 01) . Conclusions: Low-dose of bupivacaine in CSEA may achieve an ideal anesthetic effect and keep a stable hemodynamic status in the elderly patients receving hip surgeries.