Abstract: Objective: To observe the effect of the percutaneous vertebroplasty ( PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty ( PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in patients. Methods: Thirty-five patients were treated with PVP and 12 patients were treated with PKP. AS scores，SF-36 score，vertebral body height，kyphosis correction rate ofCobb' s angle were compared in the two groups. Results: VAS and SF-36 scores were improved significantly in both two groups ( P ＜ 0. 01) . But there was no statistically significant difference before and after the surgery in the two groups( P ＞ 0. 05) . Vertebral body height restoration in PKP group was obviously better than that in PVP group( P ＜ 0. 01) ， and in kyphosis correction rate Cobb's angle， the two groups were no significant difference( P ＞ 0. 05) . Conclusions: PVP and PKP both have advantages and disadvantages， so according to the actual situation of the patients and then consider use PKP or PVP.