Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) of months to 6 years old children in Huaibei. Methods: Trace element iron and the parameters of hemoglobin and red blood cell were detcected by atomic absorption method and three classification of blood cell analyzer respectively. Results: The incidence of anemia and iron deficiency of different ages had statistical significance(P ＜ 0. 01) , and with the age increasing, the incidence showed a decreasing trend(P ＜ 0. 05) ,but no statistical significance for different sex of the same age(P ＞ 0. 05) . The incidence of IDA and recessive IDA of all cases were 8. 0% and 5. 4% respectively. The incidence of IDA in rural area was significant higher than that in urban area(8. 20% versus 2. 55%,P ＜ 0. 01) . Conclusions: The measure of trace element iron can be used as screen test for the early diagnosis of IDA, especially for recessive IDA. Actively adopting comprehensive intervention measures and strengthening nutrition education can improve children＇s health levels.