Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics，diagnosis and treatment measures of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) . Methods: Thirty-eight patients with ACS were divided into surgical treatment group (30 cases) and conservative treatment group(8 cases) according to the patient's condition. The complications，death，cured, intra-abdominal pressure and clinical symptoms were compared. results: The total incidence rate of complication, fatality rate and cure rate were 42. 1%，31. 6% and 68. 4%, respectively. Complications in 3 cases and 13 cases were found in conservative treatment group and surgical treatment group, respectively. Death in 3 cases and 9 cases were found in conservative treatment group and surgical treatment group, respectively. Cure in 5 cases and 21 cases were found in conservative treatment group and surgical treatment group, respectively, the differeces of which were not statistically significant(P = 1. 000) . ACS signs were found in 38 cases, intra-abdominal pressure(more than 20 mmHg) elevated stability by cystometry, accompanied with shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in more cases. Two or more organ dysfunction in 26 cases were found. Conclusions: Mastering appropriate treatment timing, indications and method are vital to the prognosis of ACS.