Abstract: Objective: To explore the prevention and treatment of neck occipital effusion after posterior fossa operation. Methods: The clinical data of 15 cases with neck occipital effusion after posterior fossa operation were retrospectively analyzed. The drainage tube was indwelled in neck occipital effusion cavity of 15 patients. Effusion in 5 cases disappeared. External drainage of lumbar cistern were used in 10 cases with invalid drainage tube，effusion disappearing in 5 cases were found and 4 cases were treated with sutura primosecundaria. results: After treatment，no mild fever，headache symptoms and neck occipital effusion were found in 15 patients. Conclusions: Careful operation is the key to reduce effusion. A variety of treatment methods must be implemented for effusion patients, which can obtain good effects.