Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of hyperextension reduction and the internal fixation of short-segment pedicle bone grafting in treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. Methods: Seventeen vertebral fractures of 15 cases were treated with postural reduction combined with bilateral internal fixation of short-segment vertebral pedicle bone grafting. Cobb's angle measurements, VAS scores and X-ray vertebral height were measured in the preoperative and postoperative, and the end time follow-up. Results: Seventeen vertebral fractures of 15 cases got average follow-up of 10-15 months. The vertebral height and Cobb's angle had significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative(P ＜ 0. 01) and the vertebral height and Cobb' s angle had no significant difference in the postoperative, and the end time follow-up(P ＞ 0. 05) . Conclusions: Treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures with hyperextension reduction and the internal fixation of short-segment pedicle bone grafting is a simple and effective way, which can maintain the height of thoracic and lumbar vertebral body and prevent angle deformity of kyphose.