Abstract: Objective: To explore the risk factors and prevention measures of ureteroscopy complications for improving the safety of ureterorenoscope. Methods: The clinical data of 118 cases with ureteroscope detecting and pneumatic lithotripsy through rigid ureteroscope were analysed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative complications, surgeon' s clinical experience, operative techniques and skills and the condition of ureter and anesthesia were studied. Results: The complications included ureteral injury(8 cases, 6. 7%) , stone upper migration(12 cases, 11. 7%) , haematuria(10 cases, 8. 5%) , lumbago(9 cases, 7. 6%) and fever(＞ 39 ℃)(3 cases, 2. 5%) . The X-ray of abdominal urinary tract was detected 2 months after operation, and the rates of stone clearance were 98. 1%(101 cases) . Conclusions: The surgeons' skills, their awareness for the risk factors of ureterorenoscope and correct operation methods can effectively prevent the occurrence of clinical complications.