Abstract: Objective: To determine the correlation of serum neuroglobin( NGB) level in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy( HIE) and 20 neonatal behavioral neurological assessment( NBNA),which offers a fundamental prevention of cerebral hypoxia and cerebral ischemia. Methods: Forty-four cases of HIE were selected,including mild in 22 cases,moderate in 14 cases,and severe in 8 cases. Ten full-term newborns were selected as the normal control group. The serum was collected at 3 h,3 d,7 d after birth,and the serum NGB level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The 20 NBNA score was determined 1 d,7 d,14 d after birth. The correlation analysis between the serum NGB level and NBNA score was done,The correlations were also compared among acute and convalescent phases in HIE group and control group. Results: In HIE group,the serum NGB level in acute phase of moderate and severe groups was significantly higher than in mild HIE group and control group( P 0. 01). Serum NGB level was declined in convalescent phase of moderate and severe groups,but still higher than in control group( P 0. 01). The serum NGB level was negatively correlated with NBNA score( P 0. 01). Conclusions: Serum NGB level in the acute and convalescent phases was negatively correlated with NBNA score. There is an important clinical significance of serum NGB level as an early evaluation of HIE severity of brain injury and recovery target.