Abstract: Objective: To summarize the experience in the application of mechanical ventilation and airway management after the open heart surgery for congenital heart disease.Methods: SIMV and PEEP and PSV model was performed after the operation and SpO₂,ETCO₂、BP and blood gas were monitored.Results: Seventeen cases developed dyspnea after the removal of the mechanical ventilation,and 5 of them had to resume using the mechanical ventilation.And the dyspnea in the other 12 cases was relieved by continuous positive pressure ventilation(CPAP).The intratracheal secretion culture and smear test were carried out in 52 cases were.The results were positive in 19 cases,8 cases had Klebsiella pneumonia and 11 cases fungi.Fifteen cases had pulmonary atelectasis and 3 cases pneumethorax.Conclusions: The mechanical ventilation is essential for the patients with congenital heart disease after the operation,but the mechanical ventilation should be removed as early as possible.To the patients presenting dyspnea after the removal of the mechanical ventilation,CPAP should be restored immediately.Antibiotics should be applied to the patients with pneumonia according to the results of the intratracheal secretion culture and smear test.