Objective To understand the current situation of the e-health literacy and physical health level of vocational college students, and analyze the relationship between the two.

Methods The physical health tests and electronic health literacy in 1666 college students from vocational colleges were investigated using the stratified random cluster sampling method, questionnaires and on-site measurements.

Results The average score of the physical health test of college students was (66.36 ± 8.76) points. The excellent, good and pass rates were 0.78% (13/1666), 1.92% (32/1666) and 77.55% (1292/1666), respectively, and the fail rate was 19.75% (329/1666). There were statistically significant in the total scores of physical health tests among college students of different genders, places of origin and whether they were only children (P ＜ 0.01). The total score of electronic health literacy of college students was (27.00 ± 5.13) points, and the pass rate was 15.42% (257/1666). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of college students' physical health tests was significantly positively correlated with scores of each dimension and total score of electronic health literacy (P ＜ 0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after controlling the gender, place of origin and whether one is an only child, the scores of each dimension of electronic health literacy and total score were the influencing factors of the total score of physical health test (P ＜ 0.05 to P ＜ 0.01).

Conclusions The physical health level and e-health literacy level of vocational college students are relatively low, and there is a positive correlation between the two.