Abstract: Objective: To determine the genotypic resistance of primary non-response patients following chronic hepatitia B virus infection treated singly with adefovir dipivoxil. Methods: One hundred fifty-five cases of primary non-response patients following chronic hepatitia B virus infection treated with adefovir dipivoxil，rtN236T，rtA181V，rtA181T of them were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR method. Results: Sixteen cases of the genotypic resistance were determined， the ratio of incidence was 10. 3%，including three cases of rtN236T， seven cases of rtA181V， two cases of rtA181T， two cases of rtA181V + rtA181T， one case of rtA181T + rtN236T and one case of rtN236T + rtA181V + rtA181T. Conclusions: The present study confirmed the ratio of incidence of the genotypic resistance of primary non-response patients following chronic hepatitia B virus infection treated singly with adefovir dipivoxil was low. The poor efficacy may be that the inhibition effect on the ability of HBV DNA is weak，dropped speed of the virus levels is slow.