Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical effects and safety of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP) in the treatment of neonatal respiraObjective: Tory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods: One hundred and thirty neonates with NRDS were randomly divided inObjective: To observation group(66 cases) and cont〗rol group(64 cases). The control group and observation group were treated with NCPAP and NCPAP combined with 7. 5 mg /kg of ambroxol hydrochloride every 6 hours for 7 days by intravenous injection， respectively. The time of NCPAP，mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy， the use of mechanical ventilation，oxygen index(OI) and hospitalization expense of two groups were observed. Results: The time of NCPAP，mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy of observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group， the OI of observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 24， 36 and 48 hours after treatment， the hospitalization expense of observation group was significantly less than that in the control group(P ＜ 0. 01). The differences of the OI，use of mechanical ventilation and mortality of two groups were not statistically significant(P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions: Ambroxol hydrochloride combined with NCPAP for treating NRDS is safer and better than NCPAP therapy