Objective To analyze the Clinic significance of stepwise detection scheme in monitoring the pathogen of respiratory infectious diseases, and investigate the influence of age, gender and season on the respiratory infectious diseases.

Methods A total of 2268 patients with respiratory infectious diseases treated in 2021—2023 were selected as the study objects, and 31 kinds of respiratory pathogens were screened through three steps. The first step was to screen for the most common influenza A virus, influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus. The second step was to screen the adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza virus and other 16 common respiratory pathogens. The third step was to screen 12 common lower respiratory tract pathogens such as acinetobacter cytimannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Results In the first step, 34.48% of positive specimens were screened, with an average time of 33.59 min. In the second step, 42.50% of the positive specimens were screened, and the average time was 4.55 hours. In the third step, 1.76% of the positive specimens were screened, and the average time was 16.38 hours. There was no statistical significance in the infection rate of respiratory pathogens among different age groups (P ＞ 0.05). The number of samples of respiratory diseases in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn, but there was no statistical significance in the positive rate of respiratory pathogens among four seasons (P ＞ 0.05). The positive rate of respiratory tract infection in males79.99% (1 363/1704) was higher than that in females75.00% (423/564) (P ＜ 0.05).

Conclusions The stepped detection scheme is less time-consuming, more economy and wide pathogen coverage, which has important clinical application value in monitoring respiratory pathogens.