Objective To analyze the levels of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSHA) and their relationship with the prognosis of patients.

Methods A total of 290 patients with aSHA were selected as the observation group, and 300 health examinees were selected as the control group. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS), the aSHA patients were divided into a good prognosis group (n = 204) and a poor prognosis group (n = 86). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum sTREM-1 and PTX3, ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of serum sTREM-1 and PTX3 levels for the prognosis of aSHA patients, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the influencing factors for the prognosis of aSHA patients.

Results The levels of serum sTREM-1 and PTX3 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01). The proportion of Fisher grade (3-4), Hunt-Hess grade (Ⅲ-Ⅳ), re-rupture, cerebral vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and the levels of serum sTREM-1 and PTX3 in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group (P ＜ 0.05 to P ＜ 0.01). The AUC of predicting poor prognosis in aSHA patients by serum sTREM-1 and PTX3 levels alone and in combination were 0.826, 0.766, and 0.913, respectively, and the AUC of sTREM-1 combined with PTX3 was higher than that predicted by both alone. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Fisher grade, Hunt-Hess grade, re-rupture, cerebral vasospasm, and levels of serum sTREM-1 and PTX3 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in aSHA patients (P ＜ 0.05 to P ＜ 0.01).

Conclusions The levels of sTREM-1 and PTX3 levels are highly expressed in the serum of aSHA patients, are closely related to the prognosis of patients, and may be used as potential indicators for evaluating the prognosis of patients.