Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing on the incidence of pulmonary infection in elderly patients who have been in bed for a long time. Methods: 96 patients over 80 years old who were in bed for a long time from February 2016 to August 2017 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 48 in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing measures. The observation group was given evidence-based nursing on routine nursing. According to the evidence-based analysis of the past patients with pulmonary infection, we found that the risk factors of pulmonary infection in the elderly patients who had been in bed for a long time were smoking history, old age, disturbance of consciousness, ability of spontaneous cough, invasive operation and hospitalization. Meanwhile, according to the above factors, the corresponding interventions were carried out to observe the incidence of pulmonary infection in the two groups after 3 weeks. Results: There were 5 cases of pulmonary infection in the observation group (10.41%) and 13 cases in the control group (27.08%). There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Evidence-based nursing measures can effectively reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection and improve the therapeutic effect of the patients, aiming at the causes of pulmonary infection in the elderly.