Abstract: Objective: To observe the effect of sodium butyrate on blood circulation after acute carbon monoxide poisoning in rabbits, and explore the possible mechanism of brain protection. Methods: Twenty-four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group, acute CO poisoning group(model group),and sodium butyrate pretreatment group(intervention group),8 in each group. The high purity CO gas was injected intraperitoneally in rabbits to prepare the model of acute CO poisoning. Sodium butyrate was given by ear vein by 500 mg/kg to intervention group before preparing model ten minutes 7 days after modeled,hemorheology and platelet aggregation rate were tested. Results: After acute CO poisoning,all indicators of hemorheology and platelet aggregation of model group compared with control group significantly different(P < 0.01),intervention group decreased compared with model group(P < 0.05-P < 0.01),while there had no difference statistically between sodium butyrate pretreatment group and control group(P > 0.05). Conclusions: Sodium butyrate can ameliorate blood circulation disorder significantly which caused by acute CO poisoning,its possible mechanism was through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signal transduction pathway to play an anti-inflammatory effect,blocked the inflammation-coagulation network,thus played brain protection function through improvement of blood circulation.