Abstract: Objective: To analyze the expressions of JAKs family-gene in different periods of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells,and its correlation with the prognosis of patients.Methods: The mRNA expressions of JAKs family-gene(including JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and TYK2) in bone marrow MNC of the first-treated group,recurrence group and complete remission group(CR group) and normal control group(NC group) were detected using RT-PCR method.All cases were followed up for 3 years,and the 3-year survival rate was analyzed.Results: The expression levels of the JAK3 and TYK2 mRNA in the first-treated group and recurrence group were higher than those in CR group and NC group(P<0.05 to P<0.01),the differences of the expression level of the JAK2 mRNA in the 4 groups were were statisticallg significant(P<0.05),and the differences of the mRNA expression levels of JAKs family-gene between the first-treated group,recurrence group,CR group and NC group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The differences of the CR rate in the JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and TYK2 positive group and negative group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 3-year survival rates in the JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and TYK2 mRNA positive expression groups were 36.75%,33.12%,22.13% and 19.07%,respectively;the 3-year survival rates in the JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and TYK2 mRNA negative expression groups were 46.56%,51.25%,39.55% and 37.02%,respectively.COX regression analysis showed that the positive expressions of JAK3 and TYK2 mRNA were the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of AML patients.Conclusions: JAKs family genes play an important role in the occurrence and development of AML,especially the positive expressions of JAK3 and TYK2 mRNA are closely connected with CR and overall survival,and directly affect the prognosis.