Abstract: Objective: To observe changes of interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and discuss its significance in pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA). Methods: The method of ELISA was used to detect IL-3 and IL-8 levels in plasma of 30 AA patients and 10 normal volunteers. Results: There was no significant difference of plasma IL-3 levels between the AA patients and controls (P>0.05); Compared with groups of the normal controls and the patients with PIG-A gene mutation,the levels of plasma IL-8 significantly increased in the group of AA patients without PIG-A gene mutation (P<0.01); There was no significant difference of plasma IL-8 levels between the group of AA patients with PIG-A mutation and the normal controls (P>0.05). Conclusions: There are cellular immune dysfunction in patients with AA. Abnormal levels of IL-8 might be involved in the pathogenesis of AA and high level of IL-8 may closely linked to the occurrence of AA.