Abstract: Objective: To observe the effect of Tiaoqi Huoxue Bushen decoction on the nitric oxide(NO) and lipid overoxidation of renal homogenate in rats with chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods: The Wistar rats were resected five sixths of the kidney under anesthetization by ether to make animal models of chronic renal failure.After 5 weeks,the CRF rats were administered 13.9 g/kg BW and 27.8 g/kg BW for 10 weeks.All the rats were killed after 4 and 10 weeks,and the reanl homogenate was made.The relevant indexes such as NO,nitric oxide synthase(NOS),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were measured in the reanl homogenate.Results: The model of CRF rats was successfully established.The activity of NO and NOS in the reanl homogenate of CRF rats rose obviously at the early stage and descented at the later period.The over-rise and persistent decrease of the activity of NO and NOS were obviously inhibited after the administration of Tiaoqi Huoxue Bushen decoction for 4 weeks and 10 weeks,respectively.With the prolonging of the desease,the SOD activity in the nephridial tissue of the CRF rats kept decreasing,and the content of MDA kept decreasing.After the therapy of Tiaoqi Huoxue Bushen decoction,the SOD activity and the content of MDA in the nephridial tissue of the CRF rats improved significantly.The effect was more obvous in the group treated with a large dose than in that receiving a small dose.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that Tiaoqi Huoxue Bushen decoction can improve and adjust the synthesis of NO,and decrease the free radical injury as well.