Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children complicated with viral encephalitis. Methods: The clinical data including symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis of 65 cases of HFMD in children complicated with viral encephalitis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The clinical manifestations of 65 patients were fever(100.0%),rash(100.0%),vomiting(100.0%),mental difference(96.9%),irritability(80.0%),and physical jitter (72.3%); 1 case combined with neurogenic pulmonary edema and 1 case combined with brain stem encephalitis. Pathogens were detected in 32 cases,including 8 cases of EV71 infection,CoxA16 infect in 14 cases. Fifty-six cases were cured,9 cases were discharged with neurological sequelae. Among the above 9 cases,1 patient was failed to follow up,1 patient was still under observation,the remaining 7 cases that were followed up for six months turned to normal. Conclusions: HFMD in children complicated with virus encephalitis progressed rapidly,early diagnosis,prompt respiratory support,and actively reducing intracranial pressure,maintaining circulation are the key points for successfully rescue.