Abstract: Objective: To investigate the influence of flurbiprofen on cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: In this pilot, prospective, and randomized double-blinded study,twenty children with cardiac function classⅠ-Ⅱ scheduled for repairing ventricular septal defect were divided into two groups:children in flurbiprofen group (F group,n=10) were received 1 mg/kg flurbiprofen 15 min before skin incision and children in control group (C group,n=10) were received 0.1 ml/kg intralipid instead of flurbiprofen. Blood samples were taken 10 min before skin incision (T₁),10 min after aorta declamped (T₂), 30 min (T₃), 4 h (T₄), 24 h (T₅), 48 h (T₆) after termination of CPB for determination of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentration. Results: The plasma TNF-α levels was higher at T₃ and T₅ compared to baseline (P < 0.05-P < 0.01),but F group was lower than in C group at T₃ (P < 0.01). IL-6 was higher during T₂-T₆ in C group (P < 0.05-P < 0.01) compared to T₁,but F group was lower than C group at T₂,T₃ and T₆ (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Flurbiprofen is effective for reducing CPB-induced inflammatory response and it is benefitful for maintaining stability of circulation.