Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of budesonide nebulization inhalation on neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP).Methods: Seventy-eight neonates with VAP were randomly divided into the observation group and control group(39 cases each group).The control group were treated with the nebulization inhalation of ambroxol and broad spectrum antibiotics,the observation group were treated with the nebulization inhalation of budesonide based on the routine treatment.The time of moist rales disappearance and chest improvement,the levels of leucocyte and C-reactine protein(CRP),invasive ventilation time and length of hospital stay between two groups were compared.Results: Compared with the control group,the nebulization inhalation of budesonide in treating the neonatal VAP could accelerate the moist rales disappearance,improve the chest,shorten the invasive ventilation time and length of hospital stay(P<0.01 and P<0.05).The levels of leucocyte and CRP at 6 days after treatment were significantly lower than those at 3 days after treatment in two groups(P<0.01),the differences of leucocyte and CRP levels between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions: The nebulization inhalation of budesonide can shorten the course of neonatal VAP and improve the curative effects of the conventional therapy.