住院老年慢阻肺病人健康积极度现状及影响因素研究

刘斌斌; 徐文鹏; 袁娜娜; 杨安琪

住院老年慢阻肺病人健康积极度现状及影响因素研究

Study on the current status and influencing factors of health positivity in elderly inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

摘要

摘要:
目的： 探讨住院老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病人健康积极度的现状并分析其影响因素。
方法： 选取2023年12月至2025年12月在某三级医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院的老年COPD病人171例为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、公众健康积极指数量表、智谋量表、社会支持评定量表、老年自我忽视量表、疾病感知风险问卷对病人开展横断面调查。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关性分析及多元线性回归分析探讨COPD病人健康积极度的影响因素。
结果： 171例住院老年COPD病人健康积极度总分为（67.16 ± 17.83）分，其中较高健康积极度12例（7.0%），中等健康积极度16例（9.4%），较低健康积极度143例（83.6%）；文化程度、GOLD分级、家庭经济、智谋水平、社会支持、自我忽视、慢性病风险感知是影响住院老年COPD病人健康积极度的主要影响因素（P ＜ 0.05），共解释总变异的67.6%。
结论： 住院老年COPD病人健康积极度处于中等偏下水平，受多种因素影响。临床护理中应重点关注文化程度在小学及以下者、GOLD分级、家庭经济较差、智谋水平低、社会支持低、自我忽视严重、慢性病感知风险过度的群体，通过制定个体化干预、疾病健康宣教、社会支持引导、智谋培养等措施，提升病人的健康积极度。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the current status of health positivity in elderly inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and analyze its influencing factors.
Methods A total of 171 elderly COPD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of a tertiary hospital from December 2023 to December 2025 were selected as the research subjects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the patients using the general information questionnaire, Positive Public Health Index Scale, Wisdom Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Elderly Self-neglect Scale and Disease Perceived Risk Questionnaire. T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of health positivity in COPD patients.
Results The total score of health positivity of 171 hospitalized elderly COPD patients was (67.16 ± 17.83) points. Among them, 12 cases (7.0%) had a relatively high health positivity, 16 cases (9.4%) had a medium health positivity, and 143 cases (83.6%) had a relatively low health positivity. The educational level, GOLD classification, family economy, intelligence level, social support, self-neglect and perception of chronic disease risk were the main influencing factors of the health activism of hospitalized elderly COPD patients (P ＜ 0.05), accounting for 67.6% of the total variation in total.
Conclusions The health positivity of hospitalized elderly COPD patients is at a moderately low level, and affected by multiple factors. In clinical nursing, the special attention should be paid to the groups with an educational level of primary school or below, GOLD classification, poor family economic conditions, low intelligence levels, low social support, severe self-neglect and excessive perception of chronic disease risks. Through the measures such as individualized intervention, disease health education, social support guidance and intelligence cultivation, the health enthusiasm of patients can be enhanced.

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