Abstract: Objective: To assess the left cardiac structure and function after 6 months on uremia patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Methods: The indexes of left cardiac structure and systolic function were examined and analyzed by echocardiography from 40 uremia patients before and six months after AVF.The cardiac structural indexes were including left ventricular diameter of diastole(LVDd),left atrium diameter(LAD),interventricular septum(IVS),left ventricular posterior wall(LVPW),left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT);the systolic functional indexes were including ejection fraction(EF),fraction shorten(FS),strove volume(SV),cardiac output(CO) and cardiac index(CI).Results: Compared with echocardiographic indexes before AVF,after treatment for 6 months,IVS,LVPW,LVMI and RWT were decreased(P<0.05);EF,SV,CO and CI were increased(P<0.01).There were no significant differences on LVDd,LAD and FS(P>0.05).Conclusions: Part of uremia patients with left ventricular hypertrophy can be improved in the early period of AVF.Echocardiography is an important method for detection the left cardiac structure and function.