Abstract: Objective: To investigate the efficacy of health belief model on self-care behavior of the diabetic patients. Methods: A selfcontrol observation based-on health belief theory was carried out in 65 patients with type 2 diabetes. The diabetes knowledge,self-care ability and blood glucose control of the patients were compared before and after intervention. Results: After intervention,the patients' knowledge about diabetes,ability of diet control,regular exercise,medical order compliance,foot care and preventive management of high and low blood glucose were enhanced,and their blood sugar level improved significantly (P < 0.01),while their self-monitoring ability presented no significant difference before and after intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Health belief model can improve the efficiency of diabetes healthy education as well as the self-care behavior of the diabetic patients.