Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the causes of complication of the regivnal chemotherapy of rectal cancer and preventive measure.Methods: Fifty-eight patients underwent radical operation and unilateral internal iliac artery implanted pump infusion chemotherapy.Results: Of 7 patients with compliation,2 patients had different degree of pain and numbness,1 patient had hypodermic necrosis caused by hypodermic drug permeation,2 patients failed in infusion because of pump embolism,1 patient had the pump taken out after the sixth infusion chemotherapy because of severe reaction for the foreign body,1 patient had chill and fever after infusion.Conclusions: Complications of localization chemotherapy is related with lengh of implanted pump,consistence of drug,quantity,interval,infusion space and individual difference as well as relaxed asepsis,consistence of heparin,and experience of operator.