Abstract: Objective:To explore pathological structural changes in the kidney of diabetic rats and establish the rat model of diabetic nephropathy.Methods:Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group (24 for each).Twenty-four rats in the experiment group were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to set up animal modal of diabetes.At 1,4,8 and 12 weeks,the were recovded weight,blood glucose,24-hour urine volume,24-hour urinary protein,kidney hypertrophy index and pathological changes of kidney.Results:The diabetic group was detected.The higher level (P<0.01) of blood glucose,more 24 hour urine and 24 hour urinary protein than the control group (P<0.01).The changes of kidney structure was obvious in light microscope.Conclusions:Kidney damage of diabetic rats had been induced by streptozotocin injection,and the rat model of diabetic was successively established.