手术室护士工作环境感知对职业倦怠感的影响：基于压力负荷和共情疲劳的链式中介作用

张丹妮; 张萍; 曹雪; 郭春燕; 任俊炎; 徐松艳; 黄晓玺

手术室护士工作环境感知对职业倦怠感的影响：基于压力负荷和共情疲劳的链式中介作用

The impact of operating room nurses' perception of working environment on job burnout: Based on the chain mediating effect of stress load and empathetic fatigue

摘要

摘要:
目的： 了解手术室护士职业倦怠感、工作环境感知、压力负荷和共情疲劳现状，并分析压力负荷和共情疲劳在工作环境感知与职业倦怠感间的链式中介效应。
方法： 采用一般资料调查表、Maslach职业倦怠量表、中文版护士工作环境感知量表、压力负荷量表和中文版共情疲劳简短量表对210例手术室护士进行测评。数据统计分析应用SPSS 26. 0和AMOS 24. 0软件处理。
结果： 210名手术室护士职业倦怠感评分（61.69 ± 4.76）分、工作环境感知评分（112.34 ± 6.28）分、压力负荷评分（69.90 ± 5.69）分、共情疲劳评分（59.01 ± 5.62）分。手术室护士职业倦怠感与工作环境感知呈负相关关系，与压力负荷、共情疲劳之间呈正相关关系（P ＜ 0.05）；工作环境感知与压力负荷、共情疲劳之间呈负相关关系（P ＜ 0.05）；压力负荷和共情疲劳之间呈正相关关系（P ＜ 0.05）。压力负荷、共情疲劳以及压力负荷–共情疲劳在工作环境感知与职业倦怠感之间发挥部分中介效应，效应值分别为–0.084、–0.067、–0.020，占总效应的16.37%、13.06%、3.90%。
结论： 手术室护士职业倦怠感处于中等水平，压力负荷和共情疲劳在工作环境感知与职业倦怠感之间发挥着链式中介效应。提示护理管理者应着重关注手术室护士的工作环境感知和职业倦怠感，可以通过降低压力负荷和共情疲劳，从而改善工作环境感知对职业倦怠感的影响。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout, perceived working environment, stress load and empathetic fatigue among operating room nurses, and analyze the chain mediating effect of stress load and empathetic fatigue between perceived working environment and job burnout.
Methods A total of 210 operating room nurses were evaluated using the general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Scale, Chinese version of the Nurses' Perception of the Working Environment Scale, Stress Load Scale and Chinese version of the Short Empathetic Fatigue Scale. Data statistical analysis was processed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software.
Results The job burnout score of 210 operating room nurses was (61.69 ± 4.76) points, the perception score of the working environment was (112.34 ± 6.28) points, the stress load score was (69.90 ± 5.69) points, and the empathy fatigue score was (59.01 ± 5.62) points. The job burnout of operating room nurses was negatively correlated with the perception of working environment, and positively correlated with stress load and empathetic fatigue (P ＜ 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the perception of the working environment and pressure load as well as empathetic fatigue (P ＜ 0.05). There was a positive correlation between pressure load and empathetic fatigue (P ＜ 0.05). The stress load, empathetic fatigue and stress load-empathetic fatigue played a partial mediating effect between perceived work environment and job burnout, with effect values of –0.084, –0.067 and –0.020, respectively, accounting for 16.37%, 13.06% and 3.90% of the total effect.
Conclusions The job burnout of operating room nurses is at a medium level. The stress load and empathetic fatigue played a chain mediating effect between the perception of the working environment and job burnout. It is suggested that nursing managers should focus on the perception of the working environment and job burnout of operating room nurses. The impact of the perception of the working environment on job burnout can be improved by reducing stress load and empathetic fatigue.

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