Abstract: Objective: To discuss the clinical features of non-hematological diseases with hematocytopenia and to avoid misdiagnosis and missed-diagnosis.Methods: The clinical manifestation,examination data and diagnosis of 108 patients with non-hematological diseases with hematocytopenia were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Of the 108 cases,infectious diseases ranked the first (28.7%),and the most commom infection was malaria.Twenty-one cases displayed hypersplenism,and 21 cases had connective tissue diseases,most of which were systemic lupus erythematosus.Metastatic carcinoma of the bone marrow was observed in 18 cases,hypothyroidism in 7 cases,hyperthyroidism in 5 cases and gastroenteric tumor in 5 cases.Conclusions: Infectious diseases,hematocytopenia,hypersplenism,connective tissue disease and metastatic carcinoma of the bone marrow are frequently observed in non-hematological diseases,which should arouse the clinicians' attention and help them make correct diagnosis.