Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Dolavirin combined with nucleotides reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in the treatment of patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Methods A total of 88 newly diagnosed adult HIV infected patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group (44 cases each group). All the subjects were orally given Entracabine-Tenofovir tablets 500 mg·time^–1, 1 time·day^–1. On this basis, the control group were treated with Efeviren, taking Efeviren tablets 600 mg·time^–1, 1 time·day^–1; The observation group were treated with Dolavirin, oral Dolavirin tablets 100 mg·time^–1, 1 time·day^–1. After 48 weeks of treatment, the plasma levels of HIV RNA, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured, and the adverse drug reactions during treatment were recorded.

Results At the 48th week of treatment, the plasma HIV RNA of 36 patients (81.82%) in the observation group and 35 patients (79.55%) in the control group were less than 50 copies·mL^–1, with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significance in the expression levels of LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, total cholesterol and triglycerides between two groups (P ＞ 0.05). From baseline to the 48th week of treatment, the levels of LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, total cholesterol and triglycerides in the control group increased, while those in the observation group decreased. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 to P ＜ 0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions such as diarrhea and dizziness was relatively high in the two groups, and there was no statistical significance between the groups (P ＞ 0.05).

Conclusions Dolavirin combined with NRTIs in the treatment of newly diagnosed adult HIV infection has a definite effect and good safety, with better blood lipid profile.