Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of laparotomy and laparoscopy in the treatment of early cervical cancer.

Methods A total of 82 patients with early cervical cancer were selected as the study subjects by using tendency score matching and 1∶1 matching to balance the differences between the groups, including 41 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic group) and 85 patients undergoing open surgery (open group), all of whom underwent extensive total hysterectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection and/or para-aortic lymph node resection. The perioperative indexes (operation time, number of lymph nodes dissected, positive rate of lymph nodes, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, time of getting out of bed, time of drainage tube retention, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications) and the positive rate of Ki67, P16, P63 expression in tumor tissues of the two groups were compared.

Results There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, getting out of bed time, drainage tube retention time, postoperative complications and hospital stay between the laparoscopic group and the laparotomy group (P ＞ 0.05). The number of lymph node dissection and the positive rate of lymph node were higher than those in the laparotomy group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Ki67, P16 and P63 expression between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the 3-year and 5-year survival rates between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).

Conclusion Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic treatment for early cervical cancer patients has better surgical quality evaluation, and there is no significant difference in prognostic factors and postoperative survival between the two groups.