Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of transient limb ischemic postconditioning (LPostC) on mouse against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury. Methods: Thirty two male mice were randomly divided into four groups,8 in each group:Sham group,I/R group,I/R + PostC group and I/R + LPostC groups. Twenty-four hours after the reperfusion,the neurologic deficit scores were recorded according to Longa standard and the brains were obtained to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Results: Compared with I/R group,the neurologic deficit scores of I/R + LPostC group and I/R + PostC group were significantly decreased(P < 0.01). Compared with Sham group,the content of cerebral tissue MDA was markedly increased,and the activity of SOD was decreased significantly in I/R group. Compared with I/R group,in I/R + LPostC group and I/R + PostC group,the activities of SOD in the cerebral tissues were enhanced(P < 0.05),and the contents of MDA in the cerebral tissues were decreased(P < 0.05). Conclusions: LPostC can attenuate focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion induced brain injury, improve neurological behavior and increase the ability of resisting brain injury. The protective mechanism of LPostC may be related to reduce reactive oxygen species production and promote its clearance in brain injury.