Abstract: Objective: To compare the effects of all-trans retinoic acid combined with Bai Xue Kang or arsenic trioxide on acute promyelocytic leukemia.Methods: Forty-two cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia were divided into Bai Xue Kang group (all-Trans retinoic acid combined with Bai Xue Kang)and arsenic trioxide group (all-trans retinoic acid combined with arsenic trioxide).The remission,mortality rate,change of hemogram,coagulation index and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Results: Both groups had no statistical difference in clinical effect and adverse reaction (P>0.05).Conclusions: The clinical effects of all-trans retinoic acid combined with Bai Xue Kang or arsenic trioxide have no significant difference in treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia,but Bai Xue Kang is more cost-effective and has less adverse reaction,so is worth popularizing.