Abstract: Objective:To compare the difference of using HBsAg or HBeAg as screening index of HBV infection during operation.Methods:HBsAg and HBeAg were used as supervising and controlling indexes of HBV infection during operation,and the difference was compared in three aspects:the infective source,the spreading route and the susceptible person.Results:HBV infective threshold value of single layer gloves was 10⁵ ID/ml.The ratio of patients with HBsAg positive,HBeAg negative and HBeAg positive,whose infectivity had reached HBV infective threshold value,were 19.23%,3.20% and 83.88%,respectively.The difference was significant (P<0.01).After healthcare workers were inoculated against HBV,the HBV infective threshold value was 10^8.5 ID/ml during surgical operation;0.64% of the infectious HBsAg positive carriers exceeded the infective threshold value.Conclusions:HBsAg and HBeAg are greatly different as supervising and controlling indexes of HBV infection in infective source,spread route and susceptible person.