Abstract: Objective: To explore the procedures for treatment of complications of arteriovenous fistula in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.Methods: Three hundred and nineteen patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were included in the study.The fistula surgery,puncture process,main complications and treatment procedures were analyzed.Results: The arterioveneous fistula in all the 319 case was built mainly by terminal-terminal anastomosis in the unaccustomedly-used forearm with "button-like and ladder-type puncture".The most common complications were thrombus (26%) including anastomotic thrombosis (19.7%) and puncture site mural thrombus (6.3%),vascular access stenosis (10.3%) including anastomotic stenosis,vein anatomy inherent stenosis and narrow puncture site,and hemangioma which mainly occurred in the stoma and the puncture site (3.8%).Of the 319 fistula,234 were used for more than 3 years.Conclusions: The reasons for fistula vascular access dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients are thrombus,stenosis and hemangioma in sequence,and surgery is the most effective therapy for complications of vascular access.