Abstract: Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of chronic cough in children caused by upper airway cough syndrome (UACS). Methods:Forty-eight children diagnosed with UACS were given systematic treatment such as anti-inflammation,anti-allergy, anti-infection decongestants and so on,and the clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results:There were 26 misdiagnosed cases among the 48 cases. The misdiagnositic rate was 54.17%. After two-week reasonable and targeted treatment,the symptoms and signs in 42 cases were obviously relieved or disappeared. The effective rate was 87.50%. Conclusions:Chronic cough is the chief complaint of UACS associated with other complex symptoms,so it is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated. All the children with upper airway cough syndrome can be diagnosed through its detail history of disease,reasonable physical examination and specialist consultation. The targeted therapy can give satisfied effect to upper airway cough syndrome.